Not to be Critical but……

             John Gottman is one of the foremost researchers in the field of relationship development and enhancement. If you want to read some of the most current and empirically supported work on the subject, check out his book The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work.

            Dr. Gottman and his team have learned to identify certain communication patterns that cause problems. His dubious claim to fame is the ability to predict whether or not a relationship will end in divorce with over 90% accuracy. His research has identified a set of four “particularly poisonous patterns of interaction that left unchecked” can lead to divorce. Please make sure you read this correctly including the “left unchecked” part. They CAN be corrected! The four are criticism, defensiveness, contempt, and stonewalling. In his own brand of wry humor Dr. Gottman calls them “the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse.” We’ll talk about each over time but as a follow up to my last blog let’s talk about the first one – criticism.

            As you recall, I last wrote that the first job of the listener is to hear what is actually being said. This is very important. But there is also work to be done by the sender of the message that will make it easier to be heard. One way is to not allow an excess of criticism to be part of the delivery. The quickest way to identify whether one is being excessively critical is to listen for a preponderance of the word “you”.

             When a person is upset and conveying that being upset with a lot of the “you” word, it is likely that the person being talked to is feeling some level of criticism or attack. And when we feel attacked, the animal part of us has two responses – attack back (defensiveness) or retreat (stonewalling). So instead of sending the message with a lot of opinions and judgments of “you”, convey it more in terms of “me” and “I” and how this thing we are talking about makes “me” feel. In my opinion this does two important things. First, conveying how something made “me” feel is not arguable. I know how I feel! Second and perhaps more importantly, it increases the chance that the listener will hear more and be less defensive. There may still be a conflict but the conversation may get a few steps further than if there had been more criticism at the outset.

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Please Listen to Me!

             A lot of what people want to talk about when they come to therapy are relationship issues. This includes all sorts of relationships including marital, parental, work, friend, extended family and so forth. And one of the major relationship topics they want to discuss is the topic of communication. I often hear things like “We just don’t communicate anymore” or “Our communication has gotten so bad that we have almost given up trying to talk” or “You can’t say a word to him/her without getting your head bitten off.”  I often say that learning to communicate better may not solve problems but it might give the means of making at least a little headway against problems.

            There are those who don’t communicate for a reason. They steer away from certain topics because they each know deep inside where things would head if they were really honest and they just don’t want to go there. But for today these are not the people I want to address. The people I want to get through to are those who really want/need to learn to communicate better with loved ones but just get derailed by some old patterns. This is a big topic and may need a couple of installments but here is installment number one.

            The first issue that I see in miscommunication is more with the receiver of the message than the sender. In almost all our relationships we assume we know what the others are saying and in many cases start forming our (patterned) replies even before they finish. This is so because we are right a fairly high percentage of the time. The trouble occurs, though, when we are wrong – when what we perceive they are saying/meaning and what they are actually saying/meaning is different. Further this usually occurs in conversations that are emotionally charged. So when you say “X” and I, for whatever reason, hear “XY” and I respond to what I hear, then we have lived the actual definition of miscommunication. That is, the message received and responded to was not the same as the message sent.

            So here is lesson one of Raleigh’s Guide to Better Communication with Those That Matter (catchy title!).  Simply put, when they matter, be sure and the only way to be sure is double check. When a person who is important to you says something especially in an emotionally charged moment, reflect back to them what you heard them say and perhaps even more importantly what you perceive their feelings are on the subject. If they say you are on target then respond. But if they say you are not, listen a little more carefully or ask them to explain more until WHAT YOU ARE HEARING IS WHAT THEY ARE SAYING. They really need you to take the time and put the effort into making sure you hear and understand. This does not guarantee an easy or fun talk but at the very least you will be responding to what your loved one was actually saying. It gives you a chance to actually communicate.

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One Old Buzzard’s Opinion

            No matter how old you are, you remember a time when the views and trends of your generation began to buck the views and trends of the previous one. I remember hearing the adults of my youth complain about the ruination of society over those “Beatle haircuts”. This blog may well be me on the other side – the old buzzard complaining about change and what I perceive as the ruination of society through my antiquated lens. But I think I also have a little reason and data to back me up.

            Clearly, communication has taken on some new dynamics in the last few years especially with the advent of email, social networks, and text messaging. I have a 17 year old daughter and I have to inquire further when I ask her “Hey baby girl, what are you doing” and she replies with “talking” to so and so. This could mean many things but most likely she is texting back and forth with one or more people. She is so advanced at this new technology that she can actually compose and send messages with the phone IN HER POCKET!

            Further, these sorts of technologies are very functional in many ways. We are easier to contact than ever before. They also give us a venue in which to deal directly and easily with practical matters and even some strongly emotional ones. I often recommend to divorcing and newly divorced parents to use email, text messaging or anything else that allows them to deal with the day to day issues of post-divorce parenting in a less physically direct format until things get emotionally settled between them. On the other hand, I believe that this level of distance and emotional disconnection is not always best.

            When we communicate, we do so with so much more than just our words. There is facial expression, tone of voice, body language and so many other things that go into sending and receiving important information especially with a loved one (that’s why they use those little symbols to suggest facial expression). These sorts of cues are more important than perhaps you know. Research tells us that all these levels of messaging must be congruent for a message to be clear and if they are not congruent (when the body language or tone of voice does not match the words) then the person receiving the message tends to believe the non-verbal cues over the words themselves. Unfortunately, these important non-verbal elements are lost in the electronic forms of communication, .

            So here’s my advice as if you asked for it! When it matters – I mean really matters – talk face to face if possible. Some things are just too important to risk not being understood. I know this is a harder and even scarier way to go sometimes but who told you that relationships were supposed to be easy. At least that’s what this old buzzard thinks!

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The Middle Ground

            In my last blog, I spoke about how you might try doing one thing different in a disagreement as a way of breaking patterns. One of the changes that I suggested was “if you usually don’t say anything but just take it, figure out how to kindly but firmly stand up for yourself” and I also mentioned that this is a tough one to change. According to the Lerner book I referenced, people (women in particular according to her) tend to fall on one end or the other of a continuum. She says they tend to either be nurturers who put their own needs last and just kind of take the pressure and verbal put-downs or they revert to the other end and behave in a manner in which they are not so proud. She uses a term in the book I won’t use here but the person on this other end is tough, is cruel, is punitive if deemed necessary, and essentially lowers her/him self to the level of those that have hurt and controlled them.

            The trick is to find the middle ground. First you have to believe there IS a middle ground and that is ground worth gaining. I can only tell you that I believe very deeply that this is true. I admit that being there and staying there is harder work than defaulting to one or the other extremes but it is, in my opinion, worth the effort. It is a position of power but not dominance. It is a place from which you speak your truths but also allow others to have theirs. It is, as I described previously, a place from which you can “figure how to kindly but firmly stand up for yourself.” Notice, if you will, the two qualifiers – kind and firm.

            As I said, it’s a difficult and challenging place to achieve and also to maintain. Probably the biggest barriers to this sort of change are those around you. They too have been operating within the rules of the old dance and no one likes change especially when that change is kind of brought on by someone else. They want you to remain the “good ol’ keep your mouth shut, take care of our needs, and keep putting yourself last” self that they have known and grown accustomed to all these years. Even if they understand that this kind of change is for the better, they will initially resist as a natural reaction. That is when you will have to persevere in lovingly but firmly letting them know some things. Let them know that you are not going anywhere. Let them know that they still matter deeply to you. But also let them know that you matter to you. Let them know that your needs are worth acknowledging and affirming and that you will no longer live with the old status quo. They can learn. They’ll get used to it. And who knows, maybe they’ll learn how to take care of themselves a little better in the meantime!

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You are quite a dancer!

My wife and my daughter (me, too, but don’t tell anyone!) like that TV show about celebrities trying to learn to dance. I think I like it because there is no way in the world I could do that. But there is a type of dancing that we all do and do quite naturally. A favorite book of mine and one that I recommend to lots of clients is called The Dance of Anger by Dr. Harriet Lerner. It’s subtitled “A woman’s guide to intimate relationships” but I find that the ideas there are helpful to anyone wanting to learn how to make their relationships healthier.

I’ll probably talk about many of the ideas in this book over time because her thinking matches up a lot with my training, thinking, and experience. A basic premise of the book is that we are all imbedded in relational systems and those systems operate in patterned ways. For example, think about disagreements you have with your spouse or other family member. I’ll bet if you consider closely you’ll find that these disagreements follow a fairly predictable pattern; you this, I that, you do more of this, I do more of that, and up we spiral or one of us exits the scene.

I’ll follow up on this idea many times but think about this. If, in fact, your disagreements are predictable and patterned, then here is an important thing you need to know. If you change one part of a system, you necessarily change the rest of the system. In plain English, if you break the “rules” and do something different from the predictable pattern, the other person or persons will necessarily have to do something different in response to your change. That’s pretty powerful if you think about it.

Try this. The next time you have an argument with a loved one, decide what in advance but change something – anything – from what you typically do. If you are a yeller, whisper. If you typically go to the bedroom to argue, go out on the back deck. If you usually don’t say anything but just take it, figure out how to kindly but firmly stand up for yourself (this last one is a toughie!). Change your steps and you may find yourself in a whole new dance. Now the new one may not be a great dance either but at least you will have shown yourself that you are not necessarily a slave to the old steps. And if new steps are possible then so are new healthier steps.

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Good Grief!

I know it’s almost Spring and we’re supposed to be thinking about life and renewal. But recently a couple of things have gotten me thinking about the other side – about death and grief. One is that I am working with a number of people in my therapy practice right now who are dealing with or preparing to deal with the passing of a loved one. The second is that I myself lost someone very close and special to me recently. There’s nothing like personal experience to heighten one’s empathy!

So I thought for this blog I would address some issues related to grief and the grief process. We all are, have, or will go through profound grief. We don’t much like to think about it because it speaks to some of our greatest fears – fears about death and eternity and loss and aloneness. But on the other hand, death is as much a part of life as birth and something we probably need to spend some time dealing with, even when it is not our present reality.

The gold standard work on grief was done by Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross. She was the first to clearly identify the emotional stages one goes through in times of grief. Her 1969 groundbreaking book is entitled On Death and Dying. Since then, her research has been refined and developed up to and including tremendous work being done by Hospice and Hospice-type organizations all over the world. Yet even with all this knowledge, we often enter times of grief feeling confused, overwhelmed, and alone. Here are just a few things I hope you can remember when it is your time to grieve.

First, there is no completely predictable path. There are emotions you are likely to experience but when, in what order and so forth depends on many independent factors. Second, there are no “wrong” emotions when you are grieving. I talk to many grieving people who are feeling anger. I tell them over and over that it’s okay to be angry even when it makes no sense in their mind to do so. Third, how long it takes to finish grieving is not wholly predictable. You may find yourself crying about a lost loved one years after they are gone. That is perfectly fine and reasonable. Fourth, don’t spend too much time comparing what you are going through to what you think other people are going through. Each has his/her own path, emotional expressions, and time table. Fifth, we grieve many things, not just death. Any profound loss, even a loss of what we believe was supposed to be, can spark a time of grief. Finally remember this - you will grieve. You may stay busy and avoid dealing with it for awhile but sooner or later you will have your season of grief. Don’t worry. It’s normal and healthy. It’s part of……life.

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FAQs for MFTs

As a Marriage and Family Therapist, there are some assumptions made about who I work with and what I do. So to help you get a better idea of what my profession is all about, here are a few of the more frequently asked questions I hear.

Do you only work with couples and families?

No. I see individuals, couples, families and other gatherings of people like friends and so forth. Marriage and Family Therapy was in part born in the marital counselor movement from years ago and thus the title. As the profession has grown over the decades, the title speaks more about how therapy is approached versus what issues are being dealt with.

What is unique about the MFT approach?

Marriage and Family Therapy approaches the problems and issues you encounter through the lens of your relationships and environment. For example, if you struggle with, say, Generalized Anxiety Disorder an MFT would look at the effects of relationships on that disorder and how dealing with people differently might ease the effects of what you struggle with. I might say that your tendency to isolate from people may only be serving to make you more anxious and maybe together we can create some ways of interacting with others that make you feel less stressed out. Or I might work with a family member of someone with an emotional health issue on how to interact with them in a fashion that minimizes the escalation of a conversation or conflict.

Do you work on family issues like marital distress or parenting?

Absolutely. The approach is usually focused on the interactional processes which can either take a conversation and the relationship itself to an explosive point or to a moment of clarity and understanding. We might talk about communication or how to set and maintain clear boundaries. We might also talk about learning to forgive and changing the locked-in patterns that are becoming so destructive.

Do you believe in or prescribe psychotropic medicines?

I am not a prescriber but working in a medical setting I work with many people who do take anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, or mood stabilizing medicines. My profession was born many years ago with a mindset that people are being overmedicated and that we can help them without using medicines. That mentality has evolved over the years as research has demonstrated that for many people, the best mental/emotional health outcomes are received by a combination of both talk therapy and medicine. What I and the doctors at Family Practice Associates are trying to demonstrate is that our two worlds are both enhanced as we work together with only the health of our patients in mind.

Well that’s enough for now but let me encourage you to do something. If you have your own question about my job or mental health practice in general, hit the little comment button below and send me your question or thought. I check these and will either answer your question directly or address your issue in an upcoming blog. I love the dialogue and look forward to hearing from you!

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